Turpan Museum offers a collection of 20,637 pieces, including stone ware, pottery, clay sculptures, wooden wares, bronze ware, iron ware, gold, silver, wooden sculptures, paintings, ancient mummies, etc.

At the museum, you will see the oldest moon-cake in the world and the oldest grapevine in China. At Gallery of Turpan General History, you could get acquainted with the history and culture of Jushi People (车师人) in the ancient Western Region, the ancient Gaochang Kingdom, the economy and culture of Xizhou in the Tang Dynasty (618 – 907), the development of Uighur Culture and the life of Turpan Dukes in the Qing Dynasty (1644 – 1912).

The Exhibition Hall of Huge Rhinoceros Fossils demonstrates the natural history in Turpan. At the hall, you can explore the oldest and largest rhinoceros fossil which is 9 meters long and 5 meters tall. The rhinoceros lived in the Oligocene.

Ancient coins excavated at Ancient City of Jiaohe and Astana Tombs are on display at Gallery of Ancient Coins. In addition, you will find the old coins from the regions outside of Turpan and Xinjiang in ancient times, such as Central Asia, West Asia and Europe.

At Gallery of Official Documents in Ancient Times, you could admire the ancient documents in 24 languages, such as Uighur, Chinese, Mongolian, Sanskrit, Tangut script, Sogdian and the like. Old prescriptions, personal letters, Buddhist books, sale contracts, lists of burial clothes for the deceased are also on display there.

The most unique hall is Exhibition Hall of Mummies where you will see the oldest artificial limbs made in the Han Dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD). The mummies are found at Astana Tombs, Subeixi Tombs, Yanghai Tombs. They date back to the Shang Dynasty (1600 BC – 1046 BC) through the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty.